The results of analysis of cancer epidemiology and the state of cancer medical services in Sverdlovsk oblast for the period of 1995-2007 are presented. It is estimated that the levels of cancer incidence and mortality rates are higher in the region as compared with Russia as a whole, and the work efficiency and effectiveness of cancer medical services is rather low. Putting into operation in 2000 of Regional Cancer Center has neither significantly influenced the improvement of epidemiological situation nor the effectiveness of anti-cancer work. It is suggested to improve the managerial system of cancer medical service in the oblast.