The article is devoted to the study and discussion of the organization and conduct of mandatory periodic medical examinations. In conditions of natural population decline, exposure to harmful working conditions, and the emergence of new viral diseases, the state is taking measures to improve the quality of life of the country’s population. The introduction and approval of new requirements, rules of medical examinations and the consequences of their application require careful study and analysis for the effectiveness and economic feasibility of their implementation. Based on the results of the study, conclusions and suggestions on the organization and conduct of medical examinations in modern conditions were formulated.