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The article analyzes the situation in health care Urals in 1917 – early 1918 concluded that at this time a regional system of medical care experienced a systemic crisis. For example, the debate between representatives of the Ural Soviets and the doctors at the first regional Congress of Ural health reflects complex relationships of physicians and the new government. The authors note a positive value of the Congress, as he developed the first program of protection of population health in the region, but to achieve the consolidation of the medical intelligentsia on the platform of the Soviet government at this time delegates to the regional forum are unable.