The problem of women’s self-destructive behavior is highly relevant in modern psychology and requires thorough analysis. The article presents psychoanalytical approaches to understanding this phenomenon (S. Freud, M. Klein, A. Freud, W. Bion, O. Kernberg, and others), revealing the role of the death drive, aggression, and early object relations. Special attention is given to the connection between self-destructive tendencies, inner conflicts, identity disturbances, and traumatic experiences. The main purpose of the study is the theoretical justification of the psychoanalytical approach to counseling women with self-destructive behavior.