Introduction. The authors explain the relevance of the topic by the fact that the process of developing biological weapons reflects both the development of medicine and science of that time, and their impact on the subsequent development of scientific and technological technology in Europe and the world. The aim of the study to show how the Germans used biological weapons during the Second World War, and how they wanted to use these weapons to destroy the territories of the occupied countries. Material and methods. The methodological basis of the work consists of historical-systemic, ideographic and historical-chronological methods of historical research. Results. The authors provide a detailed analysis of the developments of Nazi Germany in the field of biological weapons, study the mechanisms of influence of such developments on the course of the war. Conclusions. The authors conclude that the developments had an effect, and were very successfully applied during the Second World War. However, the outcome of the war determines the resource advantage, and it turned out not to be on the side of Germany and its satellites.